The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.